UK Music Retail Industry Free Essay Example, 2000 words

According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that some of the physical music retailers in UK have a popular image in the society meaning that they attract a wide range of customers. The population aged between 19 and 40 is heavily involved with and have varied tastes of music. It is important to note that while the younger generation is more comfortable with using high tech equipment such as computers, iPods, Shuffle flash disks and the likes, the older generation is more conservative and therefore prefer to us CDs, cassettes and vinyl players. What this means is that the older generation would prefer to buy music products and devices from physical music stores. Specialist retailers attract more music buyers who are below the age of 30. Supermarkets attract music buyers aged 30 years and above. The demographic group 25 44 years is more at ease buying music while shopping for other items and thus, the supermarkets are attracting more music buyers than the previous years. However, back catalogue sales are not the strongest points for the supermarkets and chain stores. We will write a custom essay sample on UK Music Retail Industry or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The technology is likely to change the mode of retailing and distribution as noted by the The Internet is one of the tools that have made sharing of information easy. Potential customers can research on the kind of music that they prefer with great ease. This has made it easy for customers visiting physical music stores to identify the products that they need easily.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1343 Words

Kaitlyn Veal Pre AP Honors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from Daisy who lives in East Egg. From the law of Gatsby s mansion, he can see the green light glowing on her dock, which becomes a symbol in the novel of an unreachable treasure. Even though Daisy is a married woman, Gatsby sets out to win her back. A profound indictment of class and privilege, The Great Gatsby explores the conflict between decency and self indulgence. In the conclusion, the characters collide, leaving human wreckage in their wake. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, on September 24, 1896. His father, Edward, was from Maryland, with an allegiance to the Old South and its values. Fitzgerald’s mother, Mollie, was the daughter of an Irish immigrant who became wealthy as a wholesale grocer in St. Paul. Edward Fitzgerald failed as a manufacturer of wicker furniture in St. Paul, and he became a salesman for Procter Gamble in upstate New York. After he was fired from his job in 1908, Fitzgerald was twelve so the familyShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that i s so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around thatRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jazz Age was a period of great economic, social, and political change happening in the 1920’s. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, however, sees in this a time of boundaryless death, and urban decimation. The Great Gatsby is modeled towards the death of the American dream during the 1920’s. Based on the happening of the 1920’s, this model is certainly reasonable. F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby use the motifs of materialism, carelessness, and decay seen in the 1920’s in order to

The Movie Crash Free Essays

I don’t normally review English movies coz they don’t affect me emotionally, as much as Indians movies do. Reviewing for me is more an emotion driven act than a critical, objective exercise. Crash is one of the few English movies, out of the tons I’ve watched this year, that really touched an emotional chord. We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie Crash or any similar topic only for you Order Now Crash – ’’Moving at the speed of life, we are bound to collide with each other. ’’†¦This is the tagline for the movie. This movie is set in Los Angeles and explores tense racial relations amongst the various communities that exist in LA. Crash is an ensemble piece in which the stories of different characters intersect and intertwine†¦kinda like Tom Cruise’s Magnolia. Each of the sub-stories involves racism, which is the central theme of the film. Other than racism, the film also highlights the alienation and isolation of the individual in a big city. The title â€Å"Crash† comes from the fact that the movie is full of car crashes and people colliding into one another, which, as one of the central characters in the movie states, seems to have become the only way people connect with each other today. Plot  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ It is hard to outline a plot here. There is so much going on in the movie at all times, so many different characters, so many plot twists. You have Sandra Bullock and Brendan Fraser playing a white, upwardly mobile couple who are victims of a car-jacking, at the hands of a couple of black guys, further increasing their prejudices. You have the black car-jackers, Ludacris (the hip hop star) and Larenz Tate, who are quite unrepentant about what they’ve done, who feel as long as they are not robbing their own community they are â€Å"Aw.. iight†. Then there is a Korean guy who’s run down by these car jackers while they are speeding away. As the audience, you are tempted to feel sorry for the Korean guy, but maybe he’s not a victim after all†¦maybe he’s involved in crimes even greater than stealing. There is Matt Dillon, as a frustrated, stressed traffic cop, who pulls over a black couple for a very trivial reason and harasses them unforgivably just because â€Å"he can† (very bollywood, corrupt cop style). Ryan Philippe plays his partner, who is quite disturbed by Matt’s behaviour, but is too much of a rookie to have a say. Don Cheadle plays an upright black cop, who is kind of at the centre of this movie, almost like the conscience of the movie, but he too has his own prejudices, and is not above stereotyping his Hispanic girlfriend. These are only some of the subplots in a very busy storyline. If this sounds complicated on paper, well, it is. I had to watch this movie thrice to get all the subplots. But like a patchwork quilt, the mismatched parts and pieces all come together to create a whole that’s far more significant — and, thankfully, understandable — than the mere sum of its parts. None of the characters are completely bad or completely good†¦they all have their shades of grey, and most of them have a chance to play the perpetrator of racial prejudice and the victim of it†¦. †¦which is pretty true to life. Casting  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The casting of the movie is truly inspired. Sandra Bullock, Brendan Fraser, Ludacris†¦artists who haven’t done roles like this before, are wonderful. Don Cheadle is nothing less than brilliant. In one scene, he doesn’t say a word; he simply walks away. And yet the look of naked anguish on his face actually brought me physical pain as my heart broke for him. Matt Dillon is surprisingly good as a man who exemplifies both the worst and the best of humankind. In fact, there’s not a bad, or even a mediocre, performance in the film. Crash actually uses its many facets to tell a story of mutual racial intolerance and of snap judgments based on nothing more or less than skin color or an accent. It seems easier for us to deal with a stereotype than to take the time to get to know someone. I guess what I felt after watching the movie was that I was just as guilty of racism as the next person. This is not a movie you’ll walk away from with a smile, but you will leave with something to think about and discuss for days to come. It also made me think about the alienation factor, which is so prominent in Western society, and maybe in some big cities in India as well. I watched this movie with my mother in tow, who likes to â€Å"talk† movies as much as I do. When we left the hall, we found ourselves strangely silent, looking around us, scrutinizing other people who’d watched this movie in the theatre, wondering what they felt, trying to eavesdrop on their conversation, being very â€Å"racially† aware, and yet wanting to connect. We weren’t the only ones, we were being similarly checked out by other movie goers! Normally, at least outside India, one doesn’t really â€Å"look† at other people in the hall†¦one is content to discuss the film with whoever you’ve been watching it with and then go about your business. So I guess this film did get its message across really well. Do watch this film. It will make you think and feel. Please do comment on this review†¦ even if you havent seen this movie, do you have any opinions on some of the themes this movie addresses? How to cite The Movie Crash, Essay examples

Qualitative Research Article Analysis

Question: Clear statement of problem and its significance to nursing, Broadness of the research question for a qualitative study and Appropriateness of the data analysis procedures for collected data and qualitative method? Answer: Clear statement of problem and its significance to nursing: The concerned article on Patients experiences of ongoing palliative chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a qualitative study by Jenny Cameron and Susan Waterworth published in the International Journal of Palliative Nursing in 2014, Volume 20, No 5, clearly states the focus of the article on highlighting the experiences evident in patients of colorectal cancer at metastatic stage and undergoing palliative chemotherapy. As asserted by Chawla et al. (2013), it is important to identify the issues and areas of positivity for the patients to provide them with relevant nursing care and improve the nursing efficiency as well. This research also clarifies the issue of finding out relevant coping strategies for such patients to be able to receive the extended chemotherapy for long time. Therefore it is quiet significant to nursing. Clarity of purpose: The purpose of this research is very clear to highlight the experiences or reflects of the specific category of patients with a strong focus on identifying the coping strategies for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with the need to survive for long periods with extended chemotherapy. Broadness of the research question for a qualitative study: The stated research question in this article deals with the wide range of experiences encountered by CRC patients under extended palliative chemotherapy treatments. It forms a sufficiently broad research question to conduct a qualitative study, which as per view of Holloway Wheeler (2010) requires a question that will leave space for all the possible inputs of the subjects that are able to incorporate in a research. Consistency of the study design with the qualitative approach: The descriptive design adopted in this research aligns perfectly with the qualitative approach. In descriptive design there is a scope of assembling the minute details and hidden facts related to the study topic thus enabling consideration of wide range of details, which is in consistence with the qualitative approach (Toloie-Eshlaghy et al. 2011). Consistency of the subjects with qualitative methodology: The subjects for this research are selected with purposive sampling based on specific inclusion criteria. The qualitative methodology is in alignment with the purposive sampling and induces the selection of categorized individuals for the study to attain quality and relevant data regarding the topic (Leavy Hesse-Biber, 2010). The 10 subjects chosen for this research meeting all the inclusion criteria set for sampling is consistent with the qualitative method. Thus, the subjects selected through alignment with inclusion criteria aptly suit the purpose of the qualitative approach for the research in this article Appropriateness of setting for the study: The regional cancer centre in North Island, New Zealand is an appropriate setting to conduct this study on the patients experiences of receiving extended palliative chemotherapy for metastatic CRC. Since, a qualitative research requires a small number of sample deriving valid and relevant data, this place with 416200 population base suits the need for qualitative research requiring smaller number of subjects. The number of cases for patients receiving palliative chemotherapy on extended basis is expected to be lesser in this place. As opined by Denzin Lincoln (2011), a qualitative study is best conducted with a small sample. Consistency of data collection method with qualitative approach purpose: The use of the 10 semi-structured interview questions with scope of follow up cues for the participants is highly consistent with qualitative approach as it provided ample scope of putting own psychological information regarding the research topic by the participants. The demographic data and audio recording of the 30-60 minutes interviews are highly aligning to the need of the qualitative approach, which emphasizes on deriving subjective data from the respondents (Appleton et al. 2013). The questions identified in the research that are presented to the patients are highly relevant to the research topic. It provides ample opportunities to the respondents to provide detail insights of their perceptions identifying the issues and positive aspects of palliative chemotherapy in treating patients with CRC. Protection of rights of the human subjects: The current research stated in this article was conducted with the ethics approval from New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committee. It is an indication that the research complies with the human rights of the subjects without which they would not have been able to gain the permission. The ethics approval constitute of the criteria of assuring privacy and confidentiality of the patients identity and their data collected, the use of the data for only academic purposes and the assurance of preventing any force of any kind on patients to collect the data (OBrien et al. 2010). The research highlighting instances when patients were discussed for several times in the data collection and analysis processes are indicative of the fact that a high priority is given to the consent and convenience of the patients. Therefore, it is clearly evident in this research that the rights of the human subject are strictly protected at a high level. Evidence of data saturation: No particular evidence of data saturation is provided in this research article. However, the identification of the 20 patients from 32 selected ones based on the eligibility criteria and on expertise of the oncologist indicates the assumption of data saturation at an early stage of the research conduction. Out of 12 selected through follow up and contact by the oncologist the 10 finally selected respondents indicate a slight degree of data saturation. But any strong evidence is missing. Appropriateness of the data analysis procedures for collected data and qualitative method: Transcribing interviews from digital recordings are highly efficient in data immersion. Consideration of the various interpretations of the collected data through discussions and analysis enable enhancement of trust quotient and rigor of the data. Ellis Levy (2009) identified the high trust quality and rigor as essential for the data of a qualitative research. It assisted in the providence of experience reflection at the setting and an idea of the effect it has on the data. In the concerned research, the development of significant dominant theme is evident as per frequency through the adoption of an inductive approach. The transcripts used here are very useful in development of the theme by extensively going through the data to develop the new inductive theme. Enhancement of rigor and trustworthiness is evident in the research which is enabled by the efficient data analysis procedures. Therefore, the data analysis process used here are quiet appropriate for analyzing the data collec ted over here for the qualitative approach. Sufficiency of evidence of scientific rigor: The evidence of scientific rigor in a research study is based on the presence of aspects as credibility, dependability, trustworthiness, conformability and transferability (Nasponline.org, 2015). In this research the presence of credibility is high depicted by the selection of the subjects by the eminent experienced oncologist. The data analysis processes as transcripts, codes and theme construction from data gathered by digital recording provide evidence for the credibility and the dependability of the research data collection method ensuring high accuracy of the data interpretation. The inclusion criteria used in this research are quiet efficient in ensuring the selection of the most appropriate candidates for the research data collection. This research depicts high transferability as the subjects are themselves suffering from CRC and undergoing the chemotherapy procedure for over 12 months. However, this research lacks conformability as there is no mention of audit or record keeping of the details of the research. Therefore this research provides sufficient evidence of scientific rigor. Appropriateness and clarity of conclusions and implications: The conclusion of this research identifying the changed trajectory of palliative chemotherapy treatment for the CRC as providing control over the disease for several periods asserting the need of the nurses to develop deeper understanding of the patient experiences and highlighting the effective coping strategies is very appropriate for this research. As stated by Rajandram et al. (2011), this research also concludes by highlighting the importance of communication development between patients, families and health-care teams to ensure transparency, support and trust for a better and effective assessment, understanding and caring for the patient. The conclusion also emphasizes on its efficiency to assess and improve healthcare professionals skills and scope of intervention availability. It also focuses on the improvement of ongoing treatment options experienced by the patients of CRC to enhance the quality and quantity of life. Thus, the conclusion of this research seems very appropria te for the study topic. This research seems to provide an implication identifying the potential of the nurses to influence the CRC patients experiences regarding the palliative chemotherapy in the setting. Although the implication provide an in-depth idea of the usefulness of the positivity approach at healthcare setting to cope up with the issues of chemotherapy, yet it lacks the specific mention of the experiences encountered by the patients through the procedure. As per the view of McCreaddie Payne, Froggatt (2010), the efficiency of positivity among patients is seen to enable the development of strong and productive relationship minimizing side effects experienced by the patients. It is a major facilitator for coping with the constant treatment process of chemotherapy. Therefore, the implications are clearly stated. Inclusion of suggestion for future research: This study does not include any suggestion for future research. References Appleton L, Goodlad S, Irvine F, Poole H, Wall C (2013) Patients experiences of living beyond colorectal cancer: a qualitative study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 17(5): 6107. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2013.01.002 Chawla N, Butler EN, Lund J, Warren JL, Harlan LC, Yabroff KR (2013) Patterns of colorectal cancer care in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2013(46): 3661. doi: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgt009 Denzin, N. K. Lincoln, Y. S. (2011) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Page 271, 4th ed. London: Sage Publications Ellis, T. Levy, Y. (2009) Towards a guide for novice researchers on research methodology: Review and proposed methods, Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 6, 323-337. Holloway I, Wheeler S (2010) Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare. 3rd edn. Wiley Blackwell, Chichester Leavy, P. Hesse-Biber, S. N. (2010) The Practice of Qualitative Research. Page 253, 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications McCreaddie M, Payne S, Froggatt K (2010) Ensnared by positivity: a constructivist perspective on being positive in cancer care. Eur J Oncol Nurs 14(4): 28390. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2010.03.002 Nasponline.org,. (2015).NASP CQ Vol. 34, #5 - Role of Qualitative Research Methods in Evidence-Based Practice. Retrieved 8 July 2015, from https://www.nasponline.org/publications/cq/cq345research.aspx OBrien I, Britton E, Sarfati D et al (2010) The voice of experience: results from Cancer Control New Zealands first national cancer care survey. NZ Med J 123(1325): 109 Rajandram RK, Jenewein J, McGrath C, Zwahlen RA (2011) Coping processes relevant to posttraumatic growth: an evidence-based review. Support Care Cancer 19(5): 5839. doi: 10.1007/s00520-011-1105-0 Toloie-Eshlaghy, A., Chitsaz, S., Karimian, L. Charkhchi, R. (2011) A Classification of Qualitative Research Methods, Research Journal of International Studies, 20, 106-152.

Penguins Essays - Flightless Birds, Penguins, Emperor Penguin

Penguins I They are small white and black bird like creatures that live in cold regions. Penguins are the most fascinating creature around. II Explanation 1 Physical characteristics A Most penguins have a white breast and a black back and head. Many species exhibit red, orange, or yellow patches on the head and neck. Because their short legs are placed far back on their bodies, penguins assume an upright posture. B Penguins are grouped into 18 species and 6 genera, most of which are found in Antarctica and on subantarctic islands. Others are native to the coasts of Australia, South Africa, and South America and to the Galapagos Islands. C The largest species are the king penguin, from 36 to 38 inches in height, and the emperor penguin, which may attain a height of more than 48 inches. Both species are found on the Antarctic ice barrier. The king penguin is also found in Tierra del Fuego and on eight islands in the southern hemisphere. The smallest penguin is the little blue penguin of Australia and New Zealand; its height is 16 inches or less. Unlike most species, the king, emperor, and little penguins have blue-gray backs. Another distinguishing feature of the king and emperor penguins is the presence of bright reddish or pinkish shields on the sides of their mandibles and large orange or yellow patches on the sides of their necks. D Although descended from flying ancestors, penguins have become highly specialized for swimming; their stiffly held wings resemble the paddles of other swimming vertebrates. Penguins do not have specific feather tracts, as do most birds, but are covered almost uniformly with small, scalelike feathers. Whereas most birds shed their feathers and grow new ones during a relatively long period of the year, penguins molt all of their feathers and, in some species, even shed the shields from the beak within a short space of time. A molting penguin has a swollen, untidy appearance; it loses its feathers in huge patches as new feathers appear. During the molting period, which may last several weeks, the penguin does not enter the water to feed. 2 The cold A The ability to withstand intense cold is one of the penguin's greatest assets. Most penguins have rather small feet, wings, and heads; the relatively little surface area which results in excellent heat conservation. In addition, many penguins have a thick insulating layer of fat under the skin. Some species are better equipped for cold weather than others. The emperor penguin appears to be the best equipped of all. 3 Walking A Penguins usually walk or hop and toboggan along on their breasts, pushing with wings and feet. They swim with great speed and agility. The flippers are their sole means of propulsion; the feet are used for steering. Some species progress by purposing, which is swimming underwater some distance, emerging in a graceful arc to take a fresh breath, and submerging again. Penguins feed on fish, cuttlefish, crustaceans, and other small sea animals. 4 Flocks A Penguins are gregarious birds and are found in flocks even at sea. On land the colonies often number in the hundreds of thousands. Although the birds have suffered greatly at the hands of humans, who have slaughtered great numbers for their blubber and, more recently, for their skins, the inaccessibility of the Antarctic region has helped preserve the group. Natural enemies of the penguin include leopard seals, killer whales, and, in the case of young chicks and eggs, skuas. III Conclusion Penguins are wonderful gentle creatures. I hope you like them as much as I do.

Aristotle Essays - Social Philosophy, Nicomachean Ethics, Will

Aristotle Essays - Social Philosophy, Nicomachean Ethics, Will Aristotle An ethical issue that is debated in our society is the concern of driving while intoxicated. Although this was naturally not the case during Aristotles time, many of his ethical beliefs can be applied to refute this dilemma. I will prove the standing issue to be unethical through Aristotles discussion of virtue and his concept of voluntary/involuntary actions in the Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle believed that of the virtues learned in our youth, each has a respective excess and deficiency. The virtue is the mean (or midpoint) of the excess and deficiency. The mean can be thought of as just right, and the extremities can be labeled as vices. The mean should not be thought of as the geometric middle of the two vices- it varies between the vices, depending on the person. Aristotle believed that the mean and the vices are within our control and of the two extremes (vices) we should choose the less erroneous. It is not always easy to choose the less erroneous of the two. For example, Bill decides he wants to drink this Friday night, but he has to drive himself home. His choice of how much to drink lies between two vices: sobriety and drunkenness. Although neither may be his intention for the evening, it is obvious that the less erroneous of the two is sobriety. So much, then, makes it plain that the intermediate state is in all things to be praised, but that we must inc line sometimes towards the excess, sometimes towards the deficiency; for so shall we most easily hit the mean and what is right (Aristotle 387). Aristotle defines virtue (also known as excellence) of humankind as living in accordance with reason in the best kind of way. Simply put, doing what is characteristic of a thing to do. He argues that our reasoning, which is the foundation for our virtues, derives from habit and not from nature. Neither by nature, then, nor contrary to nature do excellences arise in us; rather we are adapted by nature to receive them, and are made perfect by habit. Again, of all the things that come to us by nature we first acquire the potentiality and later exhibit the activity(Aristotle 376) Hence, all of the virtues that we believe are what we practice. The point in mind is that all of our morals are instilled in us through the process of learning. What we see others (whether adults, teachers, etc.) practice when we are children has a direct bearing on our thoughts and opinions. We simply practice these thoughts and opinions in our day to day lives. Thus, in one word, states arise out of like activities (Aristotle 377). This may be the case with a child who is reared in an alcohol abusive family. Say the childs father frequently drove while intoxicated and the child was lead to believe that this was okay. Although this does not make it ethical, or lawful for that matter, for the child to drive drunk, it simply may have been a reason why. It makes no small difference, then, whether we form habits of one kind or of another from our very youth; it makes a very great difference, or rather all the difference (Aristotle 377). Although this may be the reason why in this situat ion, it does not justify the learned activity; this is the rationale of Aristotle. Aristotle believed that although our actions are the results of our learning, virtue still involves rational choice. He is saying that if we have not been taught what is the moral excellence (the midpoint of the two vices), of a particular action or behavior, we still have the ability to attain excellence through choice. If a drunk driver chooses to continue driving drunk (the vice), he will never attain moral excellence. Aristotle believed that practicing virtue leads to a virtuous circle, in which the more you abstain from a vice, the easier it becomes to abstain. Eventually, performing virtuous activities becomes habit. This again can be related to the topic at hand. If an alcoholic (I am not assuming a person is an alcoholic simply because of driving drunk) decides to quit drinking, the first few months may be hard to

Chicago tribune tower competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Chicago tribune tower competition - Essay Example (see fig. 1) Yet as with any design project, opinions were subjective, many professionals believing the winner should have been the simplified modernistic design by the Finnish architect, Eliel Saarinen.(see fig. 2). Winner or not, future designs would soon replicate Saarinen’s simplicity and the competition itself become the focal point of discussion and ideas that would forever effect the purpose and design of these giant, impressive structures. (jitterbuzz.com, no date) Howell’s and Hood’s design, with its classic buttresses popular in the early twentieth century, seemed a logical choice to blend with other more traditional buildings in the city. The thirty-six story building featured a spectacular topside treatment with structural piers shooting upward to flying buttresses that form an ornate ornamental crown. Elaborate Gothic carvings adorn the top and bottom of the building along with contributing decorations from more than one-hundred and twenty structures of significance, including the Great Wall of China. As was the case with most of Hoods projects, the sculptures and decorations were executed by the American artist Rene Paul Chamberllan. The tower also features carved images of Robin Hood (Hood) and a howling dog (Howells) near the main entrance to commemorate the architects. Its famous lobby incorporates patriotic passages defending freedom of the press. Its Gothic style, hardly unique, was somewhat based on a precedent set by Hood’s Woolworth Building, built 1913†(see fig 3) ( jitterbuzz.com, no date, para. 3). Critics such as Louis Sullivan, who coined the phrase â€Å"form ever follows function,† disagreed on principle with the committee’s choice. Though Sullivan’s quote has often been over-and misused over time, â€Å"his [Sullivan’s] point, that the style of architecture should reflect its purpose, made sense at the time, and continued to do so for much of the last century...† (Rawsthorn, 2009, para. 3). In preferring

Charlie Chaplin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Charlie Chaplin - Essay Example This discussion of the Gold Rush will look at the different ways in which Chaplin uses the cinematic elements to affect the audience’s perception, and some of the acting tools used by one or more of the actors in this film. The well-loved Chaplin classic stars Charlie as â€Å"The Lonely Prospector†. The 35mm print of this film features Chaplin in his familiar character as the little tramp. This film features the legendary Dance of the Dinner Rolls as Charlie manages to triumph over extreme elements, starvation and unrequited love. In this film, Chaplin falls in love and tries to woo a gorgeous saloon performer acted by Georgia Hale. To begin with, the sequence perfectly showcases Chaplin’s skills a silent performer. Because of the given circumstances, actors express rhythmical movements, gestures and facial mannerisms. For example, when Chaplin and Big Jim were facing starvation, piano tempo was fast displaying frustration (12:26; 21:02). This film contains iconic images; these include: fighting a cabin teetering on a cliff edge over the snowy pass (6:26), to the lone prospector trying to make a meal out of his boiled shoe (17:23), and eating it (18:22). Expressively Chaplin performs the Rolls dance; by sticking forks in two buns and having them dance around on the tabletop (1:01:42). Chaplin’s dance of the Dinner Rolls shows him being serious, yet enjoying the dance. He goes through a planet of know-how’s with each passing moment, and yet all along, those modest rolls are dancing it up at his command. This brings about the aspect of performance within a performance. The diversity of emotion that Chaplin gets into this scene is what is still so fascinating about the film. Act one also contains special effects; for instance when big Jim hallucinated dinner (21:28; 22:40). The unique effects helped the gag work. Depth of field and building frame provided â€Å"picture frame† to highlight the little fellow’s isolation (35:07). Silhouette and solarization effects highlight the â€Å"Little Fellow’s† sense of betrayal. Music and actions in the movie creates various emotions, for instance, when Charlie and Georgia kiss (1:34:28), the music changes to a romantic tone. Another instance is when the rope that Charlie tied around his waist (40:25) is pulled by the dog linked to it; making Charlie fall (41:10). This brings about comical emotions. The re-edited 1943 issue contained music score, sound, removed minutes, and narration. This version appears with a voice over narration added by Chaplin himself in a subsequent release. An acting tool used in this issue by the actors was choreography. This was to keep the audience entertained. The musical score is also extensively employed to establish various moods. Consequently, it is fundamental to the appreciation of the narrative, and emotional engagement with the characters within it. In doing so we may begin to see how his employment of sound could be seen as somewhat pragmatic, turning the new possibilities to his advantage without allowing them to compromise his basic methodology. In particular, attention will be paid to the role of music in the film and to the u se of sound effects and functions that they perform. At various other times in the film, Chaplin uses music to emphasize aspects of the visuals and to signpost changes in the narrative. At several points, for instance, we hear a short, sharp fanfare as the narrative shifts to a new location, or when new characters first enter a scene. This form of musical introduction is used the first

E-strategy for Stock Brokerage Service in Hong Kong Thesis Proposal

E-strategy for Stock Brokerage Service in Hong Kong - Thesis Proposal Example The proposed research analyses the e-strategies adopted by the brokerage companies in Hong Kong. Through the research, we will find out the gaps in the e-brokerage practices and will try to get insight about the e-strategies. The study will also provide practical suggestion in order to undertake betterment in the strategies adopted for e-brokerage, so that they can be helpful in further growth or taking corrective measures. The advent of the online trading has transfigured the trading industry all over the world including the online brokerage industry in Hong Kong. Last decade has seen a significant increase in the number financial institutions and brokers offering online trading in Hong Kong. These brokers offer both online and traditional brokerage services (Piotroski & Roulstone, 2004). Almost all of the companies listed at the Hong Kong Stock Exchange offer some form of internet based securities. Last few years have seen significant increase in the number of online traders. The number of online traders increases at the rate of 5% per annum. (Industry Overview) In 2003 the exchange launched AMS/3; the average daily turnover of the online brokers in Hong Kong has increased around 1.9% to around 13.0%. The Hong Kong exchange does not require any additional registration and licensing requirements for a company to conduct securities and commodities dealing through the Internet (Industry Overview). Reasons for the study: By reviewing the importance and uses of e-strategy of brokerage services and its literature, we will find out that e-brokerage is such effective tool which provide help to an ordinary person in undertaking trade with ease. On the other end it is also benefitting the trading companies in several ways. The data provided by the companies help in undertaking useful interpretation and comparison of the financial statements. The researcher is interested in evaluating every aspect of the e-strategy of brokerage. It is important for the brokerage companies to protect the interest of all parties and see that the firm grows profitably. Therefore, how far the management and investors can utilize the e-brokerage services to extract and present more and more information, needs to be evaluated. The purpose of this research is to analyze and identify that how the financial ratios are helpful in decision-making process of financial executives in the firm. Basically literature shows that e-strategy is a the tool through which investors are taking/making certain decisions about company's performance, liquidity profitability and its effectiveness but unless they do not compare it with the past performance of the same firm or other competitors or industry, they may not be able to extract the reasonable and useful information and analysis. So the main aim of the study is to evaluate whether the e-strategy is useful in providing the information helpful in predicting the performance of the firm. In the process of research, developing the views from the existing literature on e-strategy of brokerage will be our starting point and finally we will be able to present the gaps found in the e-brokerage practices of the companies in Hong Kong and suggest the steps for betterment. Objectives: The objectives of the present study would be as follows: To review extant conceptual models

Literary Analysis of Romeo and Juliet

Literary Analysis of Romeo and Juliet Passage one is the prologue to Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. The prologue to Romeo and Juliet is a significant piece of text in the play as both its form and content introduces and gives a rather detailed insight to the viewer about events that are to follow in the play and essentially prepares and establishes the viewer/audience for the two hours traffic on our stage which is and gives meaning to the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. The entire prologue is spoken by the Chorus to the intended audience and eludes the viewer to the problems that arise throughout the play, as well as acknowledges existing problems prior to the ones that will eventuate. The location of the scene is established through the phrase in fair Verona where we lay our scene, as well as indicates central themes to Romeo and Juliet by mentioning themes of anger and revenge through the ongoing feuds of the two households, both alike in dignity and the central theme of love and tragedy, through the mentioned fatal loins of these two foes and star-crossed lovers being Romeo and Juliet. The passage may also be seen as significant as it depicts what is going to happen on the stage, creating a somewhat cathartic sense, as pity becomes greater if the viewer knows of the tragic events that will eventually occur in the play. The last lines of the prologue repeat the message that the lovers will die, and through this the feud is annulled. Unlike most traditional prologues, the one initiating Romeo and Juliet is in the form of a sonnet. It consists of 14 lines-following a crucial aspect of this structure, ABAB rhyming pattern within the initial 3 quatrains and a CC couplet at the end allowing it to be in iambic pentameter. Unique in form, poetic techniques are used cleverly as the sonnet breaks usual conventions of a love poem. Perhaps because the play is centred on love, Shakespeare wrote the prologue in this form in order to emphasise this concept within the play as well as the intimate relationship between Romeo and Juliet. In this sonnet, the 14 lines are divided up into 3 sections of 4 lines and the last section is made up of 2 lines. The sonnet uses 3 different ways to divide the sections from one another: punctuation, change of topic and the use of rhyming couplets. The first three sections begin and end as sentences lines 1-3 use commas then to close the section there is a full stop indicating the next. Once there is a full stop, the new sentence begins a new topic essentially guiding the audience through the plot in order to avoid confusion of the storyline. The ending pattern of the prologue, however, is different in comparison to other lines within the passage which in some regards reflects how the storyline of the play is structured. The two rhyming lines at the end of the prologue are typical of a traditional sonnet and are effective examples of combining form and content together in a simple enough form for the audience to understand and get meaning from the prologue and indeed the rest of th e play. When observing the prologue, it is evident where Shakespeare intended to put emphasis through the stressing of certain syllables such as fair, and star-crossed- these two particularly as they are crucial to the central themes associated with the concept of love and marriage. The crossd in star-crossd refers to the fact that their love suppressed, frustrated and eventually defeated. Such will be the love of Romeo and Juliet, because of the stars- implying that destiny causes the misadventured piteous overthrows within the play. It can also be noted that violent words are not stressed throughout the duration of the prologue. Aggressive words such as mutiny, blood and rage are unstressed in the sonnet possibly may because even though it is a story surrounding issues of conflict, it is love and Romeo and Juliet who are the central meaning behind the play. Within lines seven and eight Whose misadventured piteous overthrows Doth with their death bury their parents strife informs the audience that it required a tragedy to stop the families from feuding and to make them realise what they had been doing. In line 8 of the prologue, there is noticeable use of alliteration with the d and th sounds, which are repeated to make the line appear more noticeable and also contains its own rhyming section using doth with their death, using the th sound to make it rhyme. Metaphors such as the word bury, represents reconciliation between the Montagues and Capulets and that the burial of their past grudges has only come about due to the burial of their children. Meaning is created through these techniques as it poses the question to the audience of whether or not their ancient grudges and feuding are worth what will inevitably become the death of Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare also uses other literary devices within the prologue to draw the viewer/audien ces attention within this sonnet. In line 4, it is important to note the repetition of the word civil and its implications throughout the storyline. Civil blood can be seen as a paradox as the Montagues and Capulets engage constantly in civil wars which shed civil blood, which in turn would not really occur if they were civil in the first place. As the two sides share the grudge, they also share the guilt, both sides mutiny against the peace of the town, making their civil hands unclean. Repetition of words throughout the prologue such as civil, introduces alliteration to the text. Shakespeare decides to use the repetition of a particular sound in the next line, creating alliteration. Alliteration in line 5 has not only the repetition of f sounds but of bold words for example from forth the fatal loins of these two foes which contains words that begin with f as well as forth that tends to be used as a word of initiative in which Shakespeare could be playing upon the idea as mentioned previously that possibly, the storyline is already set and must go forth as it is destined to happen. A line full of harsh sounding fs and words of antagonism are pushed up against line 6 and seem to be more woeful than harsh which tells the viewer/audience of the predictable death of the lovers who were initially supposed to be enemies. Finally, enjambment in the prologue embraces the nature of the play being conflict and violence paralleling with love and inevitable tragedy. Form and content are significant aspects within any text as the combination of both inevitably produce the final meaning of the text. Meaning cannot be derived if there is no content in which to base a story on and a series of literary techniques such as those present in the prologue of Romeo and Juliet, place an emphasis on this particular content in order to convey the underlying message that Shakespeare is presenting to the audience. In the case of Romeo and Juliet, it is evident that Shakespeare intended the play to be a tragedy based on love, and the prologue spoken by the chorus depicts this clearly. The strong use of literary techniques engages the audience allowing them to become part of and understand the meaning of the storyline and allow empathy for what is happening on stage.

The African-American Nightmare Exposed in Black Literature Essay

African-American Nightmare Exposed in Olaudah Equiano, Narrative of Frederick Douglass, Song of Solomon, and Push    The American Dream was founded on the concept that "all men are created equal"(Jefferson 729) and that everyone has the capability and resources to "pull themselves up by their bootstraps." The Declaration of Independence was written so Americans could achieve this dream, but was not written with the African slave in mind. The African slave was never intended to be a part of this American Dream, therefore, not capable of obtaining it. These slaves were beaten up and/or lynched by their massas with these bootstraps instead of being "pulled up" by them.    Even after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, Blacks still did not have access to all of the privileges of the white world. The Jim Crow laws of 1877 constantly reminded Blacks of their second-class citizenship and also limited them to certain areas and to very few resources. Signs reading "Whites Only" or "Colored" hung over restroom doors, drinking fountains and other public places.    The dominant American Dream narrative involves voluntary participation, forgetting the past, and privileging the individual while the alternative Dream narrative of American minorities involves forced participation, connecting tot the past, and privileging the group-the traditional (extended) or alternative families. So, clearly, to the African-American, there were and still are many restrictions that go along with the American Dream.    The great civil rights leader, Dr. Martin Luther King in his famous speech, "I Have a Dream," delivered August 28, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington, D.C., supports these limi... ...Life of Frederick Douglass. 1845. The Classic Slave Narratives. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Penguin Group, 1987. Equiano, Olaudah. The Life of Olaudah Equiano. 1814. The Classic Slave Narratives. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Penguin Group, 1987. Hughes, Langston. "Dream Deferred". Literature, Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama & the Essay. 4th Edition, Published by McGraw Hill, 1998. Jefferson, Thomas. The Declaration of Independence. 1776. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 4th ed. v.1,ed. Nina Baym et al (NY: Norton, 1994), 729. King, Jr., Martin Luther. "I Have a Dream." A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings of Martin Luther King Jr., Ed. J. M. Washington. Harper & Row, 1986. 217, 219. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: The Penguin Group, 1977. Sapphire. Push. New York: Vintage Contemporaries, 1996.   

4. Discussion and Analysis About the Link Between Business Intelligence and Web Analytics for Argos

COURSEWORK BRIEF This coursework is worth 60% of the total module marks available for this module. This is an individual piece of work. You have been asked to review and propose a course of action for a large online retailer (www. argos. co. uk) as an independent web analytics consultant. Your review should include an overview of the site, stating where and what web analytics techniques and tools you could use. Indicating the rationale for this and how it could be used to understand visitors' behaviour, clickstream, and how to improve the website's success, performance and business decision making.You should also include in your overview, a discussion about how Argos's business intelligence can be linked to its web analytics data, providing a case for this based on academic theory. This coursework should take the form of a REPORT and should be no longer than 2500 words, excluding executive summary, tables, diagrams and references. It is expected that you provide academic support for your proposed solutions, discussions analysis and recommendations. MARKING CRITERIA The marking criteria are the things that marks will be awarded against.They should not be seen as the structure of the report nor expected headings of your report. †¢ Executive summary ; introduction – 10% †¢ Analysis of the ARGOS Web site – 20% †¢ Discussion and analysis about the link between business intelligence and Web analytics for ARGOS – 20% †¢ Making recommendations/suggestions for the appropriate use of Web analytics tools in order to understand the visitors’ behaviour, improve the Web site usage and business performance – 30% †¢ Conclusions – 10% †¢ Choice of references properly cited within the work – 10%

How reliable is reliable enoug essays

How reliable is reliable enoug essays In the question at hand, the competing interests that affect the decisions being made are need, feasibility, and ethical standards. As far as need goes, if the market is operating on a system that is less safe and is not having any major problems, the need is not as great as it would be if there were a large demand for increases in safety standards. While there is always a need for safety, this need is only necessary to the extent that the product operates in a safe and reliable manner. If lives are being put at risk the extra error protection bit would be necessary, however it does not seem to put lives in immediate danger, therefore in unnecessary. It would hardly be a feasible decision to add the additional error detection bit from an economic standpoint due to the fact that apparently the cost will outweigh the benefits. This is a cost to both the manufacturer and the consumer, which would lead to high prices and in turn lessen their production and sales possibilities. It has been proven time and time again that in a competitive commercial market, peace of mind is not weighed more heavily than cost when it comes to purchasing and investments. Finally ethical standards must come into play any time you are dealing with the public health and safety. While it would be highly unethical to decrease safety specifications for the sake of cutbacks, as long as the product maintains a safety level that is at or above the current standard, it is an entirely ethical decision to dismiss the option of the extra bit. While the maker of an embedded system has a responsibility to make as safe of a system as possible, they also have a responsibility to make an affordable product. The buying public will be the major deciding factor in how safe a product can and will be. When safety sells, manufacturers will be much more inclined to produce a more expensive yet safe product. The purchasing public is the most widely eff...

Disadvantages Of The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Example

Disadvantages Of The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Example Disadvantages Of The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Disadvantages Of The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay The cordial reception industry has invariably changed from clip to clip and has faced many ups and down on the route into doing it into one of the most successful industry in the universe. The cordial reception industry is an industry which is divided into many sectors such as housing, nutrient and drinks. The cordial reception industry is chiefly focused into giving clients the best satisfaction that their money can pay for. Everything done is valued and clients expect nil better than best. It s our responsibility as a hotelkeeper and person related in the industry to do certain every penny a client wage is enjoyed and good paid for. Cordial reception begins with having invitees in a generous and affable mode. It is besides approximately making a pleasant or prolonging environment and fulfilling a invitee s demands. It is besides when you can expect the invitee s desires by bring forthing a friendly and safe ambiance. Where else, the Hospitality Industry provides you consisting concerns that serves invitee who are off from place. It can besides be defined by its range, vision and provides. The cordial reception industry is a absorbing, merriment and exciting one in which to bask a calling, plus you get compensated rather good and have first-class promotion chances. Hospitality industry is unfastened 365 yearss a twelvemonth and 24 hours a twenty-four hours. When we say cordial reception industry, many refer it to restaurant and hotels but this term really has a broader significance harmonizing to the Oxford English Dictionary. In other footings, cordial reception industry is really the response and amusement of i nvitee, visitants or aliens with liberalness and good will. Hotels are a budget oriented and good maintained adjustment. This topographic point provides invitee with the pick of leasing a bed, most normally a bunk bed inside a residence hall and all invitee have to portion the same bathroom, sofa and sometimes a kitchen. Dormitories and room do nt normally mix gender but at times can be assorted besides. Hostels are of course a cheaper pick for residents and besides the proprietor as the care cost would nt be so high. This is most normally a pick for long term abode whom at times gets employed to work at the inn itself on regular footing and they are provided free adjustment. Hotels Hotels in an constitution offer guests a paid housing on either short term or long term footing. During its first few old ages of constitution, the suites merely consists a bed, little closet, survey tabular array and a washbowl which has been replaced into modern sleeping rooms with better installations which includes a bathroom, air status units or temperature commanding units. Other installations that are provided are a telecasting, safe box, mini saloon with bites and drinks. For luxury hotels, some suites are provided with their private Jacuzzi, Spa and bathing tubs. Hotels besides provide swimming pools, gyms, and other types of concern centres. A motel is really a hotel created and designed for automobilist who are going and on the spell. Motels grew into popularity in the twelvemonth 1960 which at that was a twelvemonth of lifting auto travels. In the twelvemonth 2000, the American hotel and motel associations removed the term of motel from its name after a deep selling research and changed their name into the American hotels and lodging associations. A travel agent is a concern that provides traveling merchandises and services to people on behalf of many other constitutions such as air hose units, auto lease companies, hotels, train services, Tourss and holiday packagers. A travel agent combines all this service and provides a invitee with all taken attention of vacation trip. Some travel agents are merely involved with acquiring concern trips for clients and are extremely dedicated in guaranting maximal satisfaction for all paying clients. A cafe has different intending around the universe, for illustration in the United States, it means a insouciant eating house which servers a scope of hot repasts and sell made to be ordered sandwiches. In most of the other states, it is known as a eating house that is specialized in functioning java and tea. In the Gallic linguistic communication, the word cafe is known as java. A cafe is non a world-wide merchandise and could be found anyplace in the universe. It is known to be a haunt topographic point for people of assorted group ages and so on. Cabarets are going a universe phenomenon. A cabaret is an amusement topographic point which provides loud music, alcoholic drinks and sometimes bites. This topographic point is normally operated until late hours provided there are still clients in it. A dance floor and a DJ is a must in a cabaret as this is the magnet that attracts people into it. A broad scope of music choice would be available but at times it s depending on the DJ itself. Some cabarets besides provide life sets public presentation which at times can turn out utile in pulling a big sum of people at one time. Public Houses Public Houses or Pubs as it was known as antecedently was started in British. There is really difference between a saloon and a saloon or any other constitution that serves alcoholic drinks. There are besides some saloons that provide lodging and they are known as Inns. This is still a really popular civilization in Brittan and still bring forthing a really large income. Restaurant A eating house is an constitution that provides and serves nutrient and drinks in assorted classs to their clients. Customers normally eat their repasts in the premises and take off and bringing services are besides provided. Restaurant normally has its ain subjects and ornament manners. It helps to give an feeling of what the eating house is about and all. The eating house proprietor is known as a restauranter and the cooks in the eating house are normally called chefs. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Hospitality Industry Independent Ownership Advantages Mugwump proprietors have complete control over every facet of their concern from choosing the trade name of towels invitees use to make up ones minding how to conform to authorities ordinances. Often independent hotelkeepers can hold an unusual bond with their communities. As communities members, independent hotel proprietors and employees make usage of their first manus cognition of the community to pull invitees, obtain investors, granary community support for new ventures and negotiate price reductions from providers. Such relationships maintain independent hotelkeepers in touch with their communities, enabling them to feel new tendencies and follow appropriate policies. Disadvantages Despite holding its ain operating freedom and a by and large smaller graduated table, mugwumps confront the most hard fiscal challenges. They faced the highest failure rate in the recession of the early 1990s. In order to acquire off land, they normally must raise big sums of capital and demo a really early net income despite limited advertisement and gross revenues budget. Chain Ownership Advantages One of the most of import advantages of concatenation ownership is strong national trade name individuality shared by their hotels ; it s maintained through advertisement runs. Most hotels are connected to the concatenation s centralized reserve system. This allows guest to name one figure to reserve a room at any other trade names locations. Because of its big size, it may hold greater entree to capital. Disadvantages The biggest disadvantages are the demands to set up trade name trueness among possible invitee and to diversify belongings offerings. Trying to be all things to all types of invitee has put ironss at distinguishable disadvantages. Many are scrambling to vie non merely with other hotels but within other sections of their ain concatenation. Cleavage Advantages A clearer apprehension of invitee demands. Cleavage besides allows companies to put more than one trade name on a individual reserve system. They are able to make this by foregrounding the differences between each of their trade names service offerings and installations. Disadvantages Industries expert do non all agree on the advantages of spliting the market so narrowly in portion because many travellers may non desire, necessitate or be able to separate between lodging constructs. Job Opportunities Advantages Bing one of the fastest turning industries in the universe, the cordial reception line provides many people with a broad scope of occupation chances of picks of occupation at assorted sections. This occupation is a really entertaining occupation as you ll be able to run into new people every twenty-four hours and derive a batch of experience from this line. Disadvantages The disadvantages of working in this industry have ever been about the uneven occupation timing and displacement plants. Many staff besides encounters assorted sorts of eldritch experience. Workers have ever found it hard to acquire off yearss on public vacations and other of import day of the months in the calendar. Question 2 Find out the factors that impacting travel and touristry. Explain in item. ANSWER 2 There have ever been a batch of factors of what s impacting touristry around the universe. The touristry sector obtained the fast development in effect of it possesses that the high qualities in resources of trip every bit good as the cultural and natural authorities support smartly. But under this first-class position, we should hold in its topographic point a more temperate comprehension to the exposure of the touristry and the affairs in the industry sector to go on developing it more successfully. Most of the states worldwide have highly hapless quality advertisement which can impact their touristry sector. Ad is the most basic manner to pull people into your state as by publicizing one can cognize much about another state and its attractive forces. Promotions and mark boards besides should be improved. For illustration, a batch of state has the mark board written in their national linguistic communication, it s no injury but you ca nt anticipate another individual to cognize your linguistic communication. This would turn out slippery for many tourer and they could easy acquire lost. The use of the planetary linguistic communication English should be improved besides amongst local governments and people. Removing the negative image of your state is a must to pull tourer. Many tourers hesitate to see assorted states because of the negative images the state carry with them. Assorted grounds such as the cab service in peculiar, as there are immense figure cab drivers neglecting to utilize the metre and therefore soak their riders. This happens particularly to foreign tourer as they are non familiar with the roads in the state. Rude governments and functionaries, soiled public lavatories which are really severely taken attention of and which are prone to many harmful diseases and uncomfortableness. Stinking drains and hapless drainage system which can do inundations and annoy people with the odor. Undependable public conveyance system with hapless drivers and bad timing which can do accidents, hold and losingss to tourist. High offense rate of violent offenses conduct such as bit stealers, colzas, robbery and assault. Many tourers have been robbed, cheated and besides raped. The after ev ent of the September 11th terrorist onslaught has left a black grade in the travel and touristry sector everlastingly. Shocking images of aeroplanes winging in Manhattan s skyline, terrorizing narratives of airdrome governments and much other ground has greatly upset the going community. Despite holding increased their securities measures travellers still remains disquieted and therefore impacting about 30 % lessening in demand of travel and touristry companies following the hideous September 11th terrorist onslaught. Economic jobs are besides a major factor why touristry has affected so severely. The chief benefit of touristry is economical net income it can bring forth for the local community. The fiscal received from touristry can assist the local physique, preserve and keep the tourer attractive force they have. But recent recessions and a planetary fiscal crisis has affected the touristry sector greatly. People intend more to remain at place so travel outdoors and pass small lucks. This event can do major amendss to many tourer attractive force sites therefore losing that site everlastingly. If people keep losing their occupation so there would be really less financess for them to go. Environmental effects besides play a portion in impacting touristry even though touristry itself can impact and make harm to the environment. Global heating has caused a major job in certain parts in the universe and has affected touristry greatly. Colder states like Iceland and the South Poles has become lesser colder and therefore attracted lesser tourer. South East Asia states have besides suffered monolithic losingss in the touristry sector because of the drastic conditions alteration. States like Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and many more has faced problems because of the changeless heat temperature lifting. Natural catastrophes besides play a major portion in impacting touristry. Most tourers are worried of going to natural catastrophe hit states such as America, Japan, Indonesia and many more. Changeless alteration in political steps and changeless general and minor elections has besides played a portion in impacting touristry. States which are holding elections are by and large non a pick of touristry topographic point. Tourist would nt desire to be a portion of the elections runs and besides non to set their lives in danger because of the candidacy and so on. Variation of leisure clip is besides a really of import portion in impacting touristry. Most mean retired adult male gets about 93 hours of leisure clip in a hebdomad while adult females merely have 74 hours because of the nature of jobs adult females have to make which includes family responsibilities, taking attention of the kids and many more. Self employed people and people who run concerns normally get lesser leisure clip because of the activities that need to be done during their concern yearss. They normally are really rarely free and even when they are they choose to rest at place alternatively of traveling out on a vacation or so. This is besides a factor why touristry can be affected in a long period of clip. Racial and cultural believes has besides by and large affected the touristry sector. Most states with rigorous racial and cultural believes are prone into losing tourer because of their tight Torahs and believes. Some tourer does nt acquire the benefits of basking their holidaies with many limitation in the activities they do such as imbibing intoxicant, sunbathing, swimming with Bikini s and many more. This may annoy some tourer and therefore one time and for all halting them from coming to that state once more. Tourist and people on holiday should be allowed to bask every bit much as possible because it s by them that the travel and touristry sector able to bring forth a high fiscal income. Human errors and sloppiness besides has contributed in impacting the travel and touristry sector. Mistakes such as wild fires and oil spills have affected the sector. For illustration, the BP oil spill which occurred in the twelvemonth 2010 has affected the touristry non merely in one state but besides states around the affected country. It was the worst oil spill in history and it has affected countries such as Florida, Panama Beach, and besides countries around the Gulf of Mexico. Large sums of pitch balls was spotted on the sand and most parts of the beaches was closed for leisure and swimming to the populace. Business related to tourism such as circuit operators, hotels, eating houses, resorts and so on suffered major losingss where some even shut down their concern due to a really high sum of lost. Another illustration, where in the 2009 Wildfire in California has caused harm about 100 million US dollar. The wildfire caused harm to the nearby abode, expresswaies, assorted tourer attractive forces like the province national park and modesty woods. GENERAL CONCLUSION As an hotelkeeper and a individual who s in the cordial reception industry, it s our responsibility to do certain that the client has maximum satisfaction because through our clients is where our wages are paid from. A client expects us to supply him with services beyond his outlook and even if that service is unavailable, similar services could be much appreciated. Every clip a client asks something, they expect us to reply to everything they ask ; replies such as I do nt cognize or I m non certain are much hated and sometimes annoy our invitee. The travel and touristry sector has faced many ups and downs and tonss of grounds why the industry has easy been diminishing. There are assorted ways and stairss that can be taken to better the sector such as foremost, more advertisement and selling planning. Second, taking the negative images of the state to guarantee tourer that it s the safest topographic point to see. The ministry of touristry can besides run runs on the importance of touristry to the state as it s a really high lending factor in the state economical sector. Certain regulations and believes in the state should besides be loosen up to supply the invitee with the autonomy to bask his or her visit to the state. After all it s non just to inquire a invitee to follow so much regulations when their disbursement so much to see our state. Events such as wildfires, oil spills, and many other adult male made calamities should be prevented to continue the state s tourer attractive forces and ecosystem. Every tourer expects a safe, enjoyable, merriment, entertaining, loosen uping and most of all a worthwhile trip when they are on holiday, and as a individual who is in the industry it is our responsibility to do certain we provide them with it. I would wish to thank Miss Chew for steering me during my class of completing this assignment.

Health Issue of Aboriginal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Issue of Aboriginal - Essay Example The government has also stared improving some of the social services contributing to some illnesses including homelessness by providing rental programs on cheaper houses. The other programs include residential aged care programs, disability programs as well as those on maternal and child care (Eckerman, et al. 2010). The aboriginals are still being faced with racism and discrimination and this puts them at a disadvantage for health programs as they are left behind. Their health problems have therefore constantly failed to be mainstreamed with of other ethnic groups. As a result of them being discriminated, they have minimal health services within their reach and the few present are not accessible as these people are located in remote parts of the country and access becomes difficult at all times (Dudgeon, Milroy & Walker, 2013). In a bid to improve cross-cultural understanding, it is the work of the government and the relevant private sectors to start public recognition of the aborig inals. This will contribute towards ending the discrimination and prejudice that has surrounded these people and hence start improving their chances of getting quality and accessible health care. Education should be encouraged through different programs which will foster gaining of knowledge on the general issues but specifically concentrate on nutrition, prevention medicine among other health care issues. Lastly, integration of the aboriginals into other government programs other than just the welfare programs will foster equality.

Make a title Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Make a title - Essay Example In essence, child spanking is a shortcut to child disciplining which is not effective. Child spanking does more harm and little, if any, good. To begin with, spanking gives a wrong example to children. In disciplining a child, the approach should be positive. Children learn from what they observe their parents do. As a result therefore, when a child is spanked, the lesson learnt is that violence would solve problems. It may be perceived as a mode of bullying. The child could view it that, it would be right for an older person to hit a younger one. It would thus be dangerous for the child to grow under that perception. The parent in spanking aims to correct an action that is viewed as an act lower to the acceptable disciplinary standards. To the child, it would be another message sent. In most cases, it is notable that many mothers are of the view that the child should not be spanked. At times however, their child would engage in an act and they prompt to spank them. The spanking could thus be an act of low self-control. Now, is that the message that should be delivered to the child? One characteristic of discipline is self -control. It is what the child should learn. However, under spanking, the lesson is all different. Rob Walters’ states that, â€Å"When your child misbehaves or acts in ways that are defiant, inappropriate, or even dangerous, you want to show him that this behavior is unacceptable and needs to change. Spanking may seem like a direct and effective way to do that, but it also delivers other messages you dont want to be sent† (Walters) The relationship between the parent or guardian and the child is affected significantly. The trust after spanking would be lost. The child upon being spanked questions the love that her spanker has for her or him. The foundation for trust between the two is thus shaken. The child is frustrated and angry. The feelings would progress to the teenage

The Life I Want to Live Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Life I Want to Live - Personal Statement Example As foreign friends and I exchange information on our respective hometowns, I began to reflect on the life that Sao Paulo has to offer and compared this with the bountiful opportunities in Switzerland and other countries. For instance, I have been told that it is a punishable offence in Singapore for parents not to send their children to school for primary education. This is unheard of in Brazil. While Sao Paolo has no doubt developed considerably over the past decades, poverty is still clearly widespread especially in the North-Eastern part of Brazil. The extreme inequality of land possession is a contributing factor of this issue as the majority of land owned by farmers is dedicated to subsistence production. Additionally, the automation of large plantations have caused decline in jobs. The situation is not any better in Sao Paulo. With over 20 million in population, globalization has brought about relocation of businesses and closures of factories, leaving thousands without a job and many turning to crimes. Poor infrastructure, limited access to technology, inadequate health facilities and deficiency in formal education are turning many into committing crimes. This, I realize, is not a choice that many are making, but rather as a last resort in survival.

Privatizing of Social Security Essay Example for Free

Privatizing of Social Security Essay In â€Å"Privatizing Social Security,† the author discusses the importance of privatizing social security. The author gave a brief overview of the history of social security and explained what he thinks is wrong with the system. Although the author explained the benefits of privatization, his views come off as a bit simplistic because he oversimplifies the social and economic problems that are associated with privatizing social security. In the article the author discusses how the social security trust fund will be in financial difficulty by the year 2018 if the retirement age, tax laws, and other laws associated social security do not change. The author states that the social security financial crisis will arise when the government has to pay the trust fund with treasury notes, which has led him to believe that privatization is the answer to saving the system. Although the author argues that privatization is the answer to social security crisis, it is not the best solution because it will lead to social and economic problems in the future. The main problem with the author’s argument is that he believes that privatization will allow social security funds to grow, since people will be investing their money rather than simply contributing to the fund. However the author fails to take into account that most people lack education to successfully invest money, which threatens their future economic security. The author also fails to consider that investing social security funds is the equivalent to gambling because markets rise and fall and people could potentially lose substantial amounts of retirement money if they cash out during an economic downturn. Although the author made valid points to support privatization, such as changing laws associated with social security, the author should not simplify the costs of privatization because privatizing is a gamble, which takes the security out of social security.

The Importance Of Marketing Communication Marketing Essay

The Importance Of Marketing Communication Marketing Essay Introduction In this paper, I would like to discuss the problems associated with marketing communication in international markets. When I proceed with the assignment, with relevant examples, I will examine why an integrated marketing communication is essential to the success of a multinational in a highly competitive international market. Marketing communications in international markets needs to be conducted with care. This paper will consider some of the key issues that businesses need to take into account when promoting products or services in overseas markets with different socio, cultural background. The importance of marketing communication Those who practice advertising, branding, direct marketing, marketing, packaging, promotion, publicity, sponsorship, public relations, sales, sales promotion and online marketing are termed marketing communicators. The communication process is sender-encoding-transmission device-decoding-receiver, which is part of any advertising or marketing program. Encoding the message is the second step in communication process, which takes a creative idea and transforms it into attention-getting advertisements designed for various media such as television, radio, magazines, and others. Massages travel to audiences through various transmission devices. The third stage of the marketing communication process occurs when a channel or medium delivers the message. Decoding occurs when the message reaches one or more of the receivers senses. Consumers both hear and see television ads. Others consumers handle or touch and read a coupon offer. One obstacle that prevents marketing messages from being efficient and effective is called barrier. Barrier is anything that distorts or disrupts a message. It can occur at any stage in the communication process. Marketing Communications are messages and related media used to communicate with a market. Marketing communications is the promotion part of the Marketing Mix or the four Ps: price, place, promotion, and product. The primary goal of marketing communication is to reach a defined audience to affect its behavior by informing, persuading, and reminding. Marketing communication acquires new customers for brands by building awareness and encouraging trial. Marketing communication also maintains a brands current customer base by reinforcing their purchase behavior by providing additional information about the brands benefits. A secondary goal of marketing communication is building and reinforcing relationships with customers, prospects, retailers, and other important stakeholders. Successful marketing communication relies on a combination of options called the promotional mix. These options include advertising, sales promotion, public relations, direct marketing, and personal selling. The Internet has also become a powerful tool for reaching certain important audiences. The role each element takes in a marketing communication program relies in part on whether a company employs a push strategy or a pull strategy. A pull strategy relies more on consumer demand than personal selling for the product to travel from the manufacturer to the end user. The demand generated by advertising, public relations, and sales promotion pulls the good or service through the channels of distribution. A push strategy, on the other hand, emphasizes personal selling to push the product through these channels. Traditionally, marketing communications practitioners focused on the creation and execution of printed marketing collateral; however, academic and professional research developed the practice to use strategic elements of branding and marketing in order to ensure consistency of message delivery throughout an organization. Many trends in business can be attributed to marketing communications; for example: the transition from customer service to customer relations, and the transition from human resources to human solutions. How marketing communication become successful? For marketing communication to be successful, sound management decisions must be made in the other three areas of the marketing mix: the product, service or idea itself; the price at which the brand will be offered; and the places at or through which customers may purchase the brand. The best promotion cannot overcome poor product quality, inordinately high prices, or insufficient retail distribution. Likewise, successful marketing communication relies on sound management decisions regarding the coordination of the various elements of the promotional mix. To this end, a new way of viewing marketing communication emerged in the 1990s. It is called integrated marketing communication; this perspective seeks to orchestrate the use of all forms of the promotional mix to reach customers at different levels in new and better ways. Why integrated marketing communication is important? The evolution of the above mentioned perspective has two origins. Marketers began to realize that advertising, public relations, and sales were often at odds regarding responsibilities, budgets, management input and myriad other decisions affecting the successful marketing of a brand. Executives in each area competed with the others for resources and a voice in decision making. The outcome was inconsistent promotional efforts, wasted money, counterproductive management decisions, and, perhaps worst of all, confusion among consumers. Secondly, the marketing perspective itself began to shift from being market oriented to market driven. Marketing communication was traditionally viewed as an inside-out way of presenting the companys messages. Advertising was the dominant element in the promotional mix because the mass media could effectively deliver a sales message to a mass audience. But then the mass market began to fragment. Consumers became better educated and more skeptical about advertising. A variety of sources, both controlled by the marketer and uncontrolled, became important to consumers. News reports, word-of-mouth, experts opinions, and financial reports were just some of the brand contacts consumers began to use to learn about and form attitudes and opinions about a brand or company, or make purchase decisions. Advertising began to lose some of its luster in terms of its ability to deliver huge homogeneous audiences. Companies began to seek new ways to coordinate the multiplicity of product and company messages being issued and used by consumers and others. Thus, two ideas permeate integrated marketing communication: relationship building and synergy. rather than the traditional inside-out view, integrated marketing communication is seen as an outside-in perspective. Customers are viewed not as targets but as partners in an ongoing relationship. Customers, prospects, and others encounter the brand and company through a host of sources and create from these various contacts ideas about the brand and company. By knowing the media habits and lifestyles of important consumer segments, marketers can tailor messages through media that are most likely to reach these segments at times when these segments are most likely to be receptive to these messages, thus optimizing the marketing communication effort. Ideally, integrated marketing communication is implemented by developing comprehensive databases on customers and prospects, segmenting these current and potential customers into groups with certain common awareness levels, predispositions, and behaviors, and developing messages and media strategies that guide the communication tactics to meet marketing objectives. In doing this, integrated marketing communication builds and reinforces mutually profitable relationships with customers and other important stakeholders and generates synergy by coordinating all elements in the promotional mix into a program that possesses clarity, consistency, and maximum impact. Practitioners and academics alike, however, have noted the difficulty of effectively implementing integrated marketing communication. Defining exactly what integrated marketing communication is has been difficult. For example, merely coordinating messages so that speaking with one clear voice in all promotional efforts does not fully capture the meaning of integrated marketing communication. Also, changing the organization to accommodate the integrated approach has challenged the command and control structure of many organizations. However, studies suggest that integrated marketing communication is viewed by a vast majority of marketing executives as having the greatest potential impact on their companys marketing strategies, more so than the economy, pricing, and globalization. The importance of advertising in marketing communication Advertising has four characteristics: it is persuasive in nature; it is non-personal; it is paid for by an identified sponsor; and it is disseminated through mass channels of communication. Advertising messages may promote the adoption of goods, services, persons, or ideas. Because the sales message is disseminated through the mass mediaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬as opposed to personal sellingà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬it is viewed as a much cheaper way of reaching consumers. However, its non-personal nature means it lacks the ability to tailor the sales message to the message recipient and, more importantly, actually get the sale. Therefore, advertising effects are best measured in terms of increasing awareness and changing attitudes and opinions, not creating sales. Advertisings contribution to sales is difficult to isolate because many factors influence sales. The contribution advertising makes to sales are best viewed over the long run. The exception to this thinking is within the internet arena. While banner ads, pop-ups and interstitials should still be viewed as brand promoting and not necessarily sales drivers, technology provides the ability to track how many of a websites visitors click the banner, investigate a product, request more information, and ultimately make a purchase. Through the use of symbols and images advertising can help differentiate products and services that are otherwise similar. Advertising also helps create and maintain brand equity. Brand equity is an intangible asset that results from a favorable image, impressions of differentiation, or consumer attachment to the company, brand, or trademark. This equity translates into greater sales volume, and/or higher margins, thus greater competitive advantage. Brand equity is established and maintained through advertising that focuses on image, product attributes, service, or other features of the company and its products or services. Cost is the greatest disadvantage of advertising. The average cost for a 30-second spot on network television increased fivefold between 1980 and 2005. Plus, the average cost of producing a 30-second ad for network television is quite expensive. It is not uncommon for a national advertiser to spend in the millions of dollars for one 30-second commercial to be produced. Add more millions on top of that if celebrity talent is utilized. Credibility and clutter are other disadvantages. Consumers have become increasingly skeptical about advertising messages and tend to resent advertisers attempt to persuade. Advertising is everywhere, from network television, to daily newspapers, to roadside billboards, to golf course signs, to stickers on fruit in grocery stores. Clutter encourages consumers to ignore many advertising messages. New media are emerging, such as digital video recorders which allow consumers to record programs and then skip commercials, and satellite radio which provides a majority of its channels advertising free. Marketing communication and public relations Public relations is defined as a management function which identifies, establishes, and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the publics upon which its success or failure depends. Whereas advertising is a one-way communication from sender (the marketer) to the receiver (the consumer or the retail trade), public relations considers multiple audiences (consumers, employees, suppliers, vendors, etc.) and uses two-way communication to monitor feedback and adjust both its message and the organizations actions for maximum benefit. A primary tool used by public relations practitioners is publicity. Publicity capitalizes on the news value of a product, service, idea, person or event so that the information can be disseminated through the news media. This third party endorsement by the news media provides a vital boost to the marketing communication message: credibility. Articles in the media are perceived as being more objective than advertisements, and their messages are more likely to be absorbed and believed. For example, after the CBS newsmagazine 60 Minutes reported in the early 1990s that drinking moderate amounts of red wine could prevent heart attacks by lowering cholesterol; red wine sales in the United States increased 50 percent. The other benefit publicity offers is that it is free, not considering the great amount of effort it can require to get out-bound publicity noticed and picked up by media sources. Public relations role in the promotional mix is becoming more important because of what Philip Kotler describes as an over communicated society. Consumers develop communication-avoidance routines where they are likely to tune out commercial messages. As advertising loses some of its cost-effectiveness, marketers are turning to news coverage, events, and community programs to help disseminate their product and company messages. Some consumers may also base their purchase decisions on the image of the company, for example, how environmentally responsible the company is. Direct marketing and database marketing Direct marketing, the oldest form of marketing, is the process of communicating directly with target customers to encourage response by telephone, mail, electronic means, or personal visit. Users of direct marketing include retailers, wholesalers, manufacturers, and service providers, and they use a variety of methods including direct mail, telemarketing, direct-response advertising, and online computer shopping services, cable shopping networks, and infomercials. Traditionally not viewed as an element in the promotional mix, direct marketing represents one of the most profound changes in marketing and promotion in the last 25 years. Aspects of direct marketing, which includes direct response advertising and direct mail advertising as well as the various research and support activities necessary for their implementation, have been adopted by virtually all companies engaged in marketing products, services, ideas, or persons. Direct marketing has become an important part of many marketing communication programs for three reasons. First, the number of two-income households has increased dramatically. About six in every ten women in the United States work outside the home. This has reduced the amount of time families have for shopping trips. Secondly, more shoppers than ever before rely on credit cards for payment of goods and services. These cashless transactions make products easier and faster to purchase. Database marketing is a form of direct marketing that attempts to gain and reinforce sales transactions while at the same time being customer driven. Successful database marketing continually updates lists of prospects and customers by identifying who they are, what they are like, and what they are purchasing now or may be purchasing in the future. By using database marketing, marketers can develop products and/or product packages to meet their customers needs or develop creative and media strategies that match their tastes, values, and lifestyles. The importance of Sales promotion, sponsorships and exhibitions. Sales promotions are direct inducements that offer extra incentives to enhance or accelerate the products movement from producer to consumer. Sales promotions may be directed at the consumer or the trade. Consumer promotions such as coupons, sampling, premiums, sweepstakes, price packs, low-cost financing deals, and rebates are purchase incentives in that they induce product trial and encourage repurchase. Consumer promotions may also include incentives to visit a retail establishment or request additional information. Sales promotions can motivate customers to select a particular brand, especially when brands appear to be equal, and they can produce more immediate and measurable results than advertising. However, too heavy a reliance on sales promotions results in deal-prone consumers with little brand loyalty and too much price sensitivity. Sales promotions can also force competitors to offer similar inducements, with sales and profits suffering for everyone. Sponsorships, or event marketing, combine advertising and sales promotions with public relations. Sponsorships increase awareness of a company or product, build loyalty with a specific target audience, help differentiate a product from its competitors, provide merchandising opportunities, demonstrate commitment to a community or ethnic group, or impact the bottom line. Like advertising, sponsorships are initiated to build long-term associations. Exhibits, or trade shows, are hybrid forms of promotion between business-to-business advertising and personal selling. Trade shows provide opportunities for face-to-face contact with prospects, enable new companies to create a viable customer base in a short period of time, and allow small and midsize companies that may not be visited on a regular basis by salespeople to become familiar with suppliers and vendors. Because many trade shows generate media attention, they have also become popular venues for introducing new products and providing a stage for executives to gain visibility. When we talk about Personal selling, it includes all person-to-person contact with customers with the purpose of introducing the product to the customer, convincing him or her of the products value, and closing the sale. The role of personal selling varies from organization to organization, depending on the nature and size of the company, the industry, and the products or services it is marketing. Many marketing executives realize that both sales and non-sales employees act as salespeople for their organization in one way or another. Personal selling is the most effective way to make a sale because of the interpersonal communication between the salesperson and the prospect. Messages can be tailored to particular situations, immediate feedback can be processed, and message strategies can be changed to accommodate the feedback. However, personal selling is the most expensive way to make a sale. Marketing communication and Internet marketing Just as direct marketing has become a prominent player in the promotional mix, so too has the Internet. Web sites provide a new way of transmitting information, entertainment, and advertising, and have generated a new dimension in marketing: electronic commerce. E-commerce is the term used to describe the act of selling goods and services over the Internet. In other words, the Internet has become more that a communication channel; it is a marketing channel itself with companies such as Amazon.com, eBay, and others selling goods via the Internet to individuals around the globe. In less than 10 years advertising expenditures on the Internet will rival those for radio and outdoor. Public relations practitioners realize the value that web sites offer in establishing and maintaining relationships with important publics. For example, company and product information can be posted on the companys site for news reporters researching stories and for current and potential customers seeking information. Political candidates have web sites that provide information about their background and their political experience. The interactivity of the Internet is perhaps its greatest asset. By communicating with customers, prospects, and others one-on-one, firms can build databases that help them meet specific needs of individuals, thus building a loyal customer base. Because the cost of entry is negligible, the Internet is cluttered with web sites. However, this clutter does not present the same kind of problem that advertising clutter does. Advertising and most other forms of promotion assume a passive audience that will be exposed to marketing communication messages via the mass media or mail regardless of their receptivity. Web sites require audiences who are active in the information-seeking process to purposely visit the site. Therefore, the quality and freshness of content is vital for the success of the web site. International Marketing Communications and Cultural Issues. There are a whole range of cultural issues that international marketers need to consider when communicating with target audiences in different cultures. Language will always be a challenge. One cannot use a single language for an international campaign. For example, there are between six and twelve main regional variations of the Chinese languages, with the most popular being Mandarin, followed by Wu, Min, and Cantonese. India has 22 languages including Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Punjabi, and Tamil to name but a few. Of course language choice could affect branding choices, and the names of products and services. Hidden messages and humor would be especially tricky to convey. Famous examples include the Vauxhall Corsa, which was called the Nova in the United Kingdom of course No VA! Would not be an acceptable name in Spanish. A similar problem was left unaddressed by Toyota, with their MR2 in France (think about it!). Design, symbolism and aesthetics sometimes do not transcend international boundaries. For example Japanese aesthetics sometimes focus upon taste and beauty. Also look at Japanese cars from the front they have a smiling face. The manner in which people present themselves in terms of dress and appearance changes from culture to culture. For example in Maori culture, dress plays a central role with everyday clothing differing greatly from ceremonial costume. Whereas in Western business-culture the standard uniform tends to be a conservative collar and tie. Conclusion From the above discussions we can see that marketing communication has become an integral part of the social and economic system. Consumers rely on the information from marketing communication to make wise purchase decisions. Businesses, ranging from multinational corporations to small retailers, depend on marketing communication to sell their goods and services. Marketing communication has also become an important player in the life of a business. Marketing communication helps move products, services, and ideas from manufacturers to end users and builds and maintains relationships with customers, prospects, and other important stakeholders in the company. Advertising and sales promotion will continue to play important roles in marketing communication mix. However, marketing strategies that stress relationship building in addition to producing sales will force marketers to consider all the elements in the marketing communication mix. I hope, In the future new information gathering techniques will help marketers target more precisely customers and prospects using direct marketing strategies. New media technologies will provide businesses and consumers new ways to establish and reinforce relationships that are important for the success of the firm and important for consumers as they make purchase decisions. In the coming years I believe, Internet will become a major force in how organizations communicate with a variety of constituents, customers, clients, and other interested parties.